Archetecture


 

·         Engineering drawing is a language used to relate and communicate ideas between professionals and non-professionals if need be.
·         Learning the language of technical graphics allows you to visualize problems more clearly and use graphic images to find solutions with more ease.
·         Importance of Engineering drawing: Visualization, Communication, & Documentation
·         92% of the design process is graphically based.
·         Why is graphics design so important?
·         Try to describe to someone a product in words that will later need to be manufactured or built. It’s harder than with words.
·         Engineers must fulfill two important aspects of design: Aesthetics and Function
  • Design: process of conceiving or inventing ideas & communicating those ideas to others.
  • It requires input from such areas as customer needs, materials, capital, energy, time requirements, & human knowledge/skills
    • Traditional Engineering Design:
  • It is a linear approach divided into a number of steps. It moves through each step in a sequential manner; if problem comes up, the process may return to previous step (called iteration or looping)

Concurrent Engineering Design:
¡  It is a nonlinear team approach to design that brings together the input, processes, & output elements necessary to produce a product.
¡  The people & processes are brought together at the beginning (not typical in linear)
¡  Team made up of: design & production engineers, technicians, marketing & finance personnel, planners, & managers.
¡  Three activities that make up the concurrent design process are: Ideation, Refinement, & Implementation.
¡  3-D Modeling is extremely important in this type of design process.
Graphics Communication
What you Will Learn:
¡  Visualization: the ability to mentally control visual information
¡  Graphics Theory: geometry and projection techniques
¡  Standards: sets of rules that govern how parts are made and technical drawings are represented
¡  Conventions: commonly accepted practices and methods used for technical drawings
¡  Tools: devices used to create engineering drawings and models, including both hand-held and computer tools
¡  Applications: the various uses for technical graphics in engineering design, such as mechanical, electrical, and architectural
Technical Drawing Tools:
¡  Three basic types of drawings: Freehand sketches, Instrument drawings, & Computer Drawings and models.
¡  Most widely used tool is computer-aided design/drafting (CAD). CAD is a computer software and related computer hardware that supplements or replaces traditional hand tools in creating models and technical drawings.
Traditional Tools:
¡  Traditional Tools are devices used to assist the human hand in making technical drawings. Straighter lines, perfect circles, & faster speed of drawing
¡  They included:
  1. Wood & mechanical pencils
  2. Instrument set, compass & dividers
  3. 45- & 30/60-degree triangles
  4. Scales
  5. Irregular curves
  6. Protractors
  7. Erasers & erasing shields
  8. Drawing Paper
  9. Circle Templates
  10. Isometric templates
Parts of a CAD System:
¡  CPU (hardrive)
¡  Input (mouse/keyboard)
¡  Output (monitor/printer)
¡  Operating System (Windows/Mac)
¡  Software (Microstation, Auto-CAD)
CAD Software:
Common basic features:
¡  Commands to generate geometry
¡  Functions for controlling views
¡  Modifiers for changing drawing geometry
¡  Annotation Commands for adding text, dimensions, and notes
¡  Others
Engineering Design Uses Sketching & CAD:
¡  Ideas are initially sketched and then more accurate CAD drawings are created
¡  A single accurate CAD database can be used to go from ideation to manufacturing and documentation
¡  Finite Element Analysis, 3-D Rendering, Animation, Documentation, Rapid Prototyping software are available for use with CAD
Terminology:
¡  CAD: Computer Aided Design
¡  CADD: Computer Aided Design & Drafting
¡  CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing
¡  CIM: Computer Integrated Manufacturing
¡  CAE: Computer Assisted Engineering
¡  CAPP: Computer-Aided Process Planning
¡  MRP: Material Requirement Planning
¡  EDM: Enterprise Document/Data Management
¡  CAE: Computer Assisted Engineering
¡  Blue Print Reading: Interpreting drawings made by others
Engineering Drawing
Intro:
¡  An effective means of communicating technical ideas & solutions using a clear and precise language with definite rules and regulations
¡  The primary medium for communicating and developing design concepts
¡  It removes language barrier between technical & non-technical audiences
¡  Follows a system of standards
Standards:
¡  Standards ensure that drawings convey the same information to everyone who interprets them
¡  Standards organizations like ANSI (American National Standards Institute) & ISO (International Standards Organization) publish standards detailing how drawings should be created so they can be interpreted universally
¡  Example: ANSI Y14.5M-1994-Dimensions and Tolerance
Conventions:
¡  Conventions are commonly accepted practices, rules, or methods (i.e.. hidden lines, dimension lines…)
¡  Most important convention is Alphabet of Lines established by ASME called linestyles
¡  Line patterns communicate what the line represents in the drawing
¡  Line patterns tell you information such as whether the line is hidden, visible, or a centerline
¡  Views should be selected to minimized the use of hidden lines
¡  Precedence of lines: Visible à Hidden à Center
Alphabet of Lines:
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